Trademark Registration in India

Protect Your Brand.
Own It. Forever.

Register your trademark under the Trade Marks Act, 1999 and secure exclusive legal rights over your brand name, logo, and business identity across India.

10 YrsValidity
45Classes
18–24 MoTimeline
₹4,500Govt Fee (Individual)
Overview

What is a Trademark?

A trademark is any unique symbol, word, phrase, logo, design, or combination thereof that distinguishes the goods or services of one business from others. Governed by the Trade Marks Act, 1999, it is a fundamental form of intellectual property granting exclusive rights to its owner in India.

Legal Protection

Prevents others from using identical or deceptively similar marks for the same class of goods or services in India.

Exclusive Brand Identity

Your registered trademark becomes a legally recognized identifier that distinguishes your brand in the marketplace.

Valuable Business Asset

A registered trademark is a recognized intangible asset that can be licensed, franchised, or assigned to generate revenue.

Why Register

Benefits of Trademark Registration

01

Exclusive Legal Rights

Once registered, you hold the exclusive right to use your trademark for the specified goods or services. No entity can legally use it or a deceptively similar mark within the same class.

02

Right to Use the ® Symbol

Upon successful registration, you earn the legal right to display the ® symbol alongside your trademark, publicly declaring ownership and reinforcing brand credibility.

03

Perpetual Protection

Unlike patents, a trademark can be renewed indefinitely every 10 years — providing perpetual legal protection as long as it continues to be used and renewed on time.

04

Valuable Business Asset

A trademark is a recognized intangible asset for accounting and tax purposes. It can be licensed, assigned, or franchised — creating additional revenue streams for your business.

05

Brand Reputation & Goodwill

A registered trademark builds trust and promotes quality assurance. It creates long-term customer loyalty and protects your business reputation from misuse by competitors.

06

Basis for International Registration

Your Indian trademark can serve as a basis for international protection under the Madrid Protocol, covering 122+ countries through a single consolidated application.

07

Legal Recourse Against Infringement

A registered trademark empowers you to take legal action and claim damages in court against any party that copies or misuses your mark without permission.

08

Attracts Investors & Government Tenders

Investors look for registered trademarks as proof of legitimacy. It also enables registration on GeM (Government e-Marketplace) for government contract eligibility.

Eligibility

Who Can Apply?

Any individual, company, LLP, or legal entity engaged or proposing to engage in trade or commerce can apply in India. Foreign nationals and foreign entities may also apply.

Individual / Proprietor

Filed in the individual's own name. Can apply even without active commercial activity at the time of filing.

Partnership Firm

Application must include names of all partners (max 10). Filed in partners' names, not the firm's registered name.

Company / LLP

Application in the registered business name. Requires PAN, incorporation certificate and authorized signatory.

Foreign Entity

Must apply under the name registered abroad, indicating country of origin and applicable governing law.

Trust / Society / NGO

Application on behalf of the Trust or Society. Controlling trustee, chairperson or secretary must be identified.

Joint Owners

Application must include all co-owners' names. Joint owners collectively hold the trademark rights.

Categories

Types of Trademarks

Wordmark

Word / Text Mark

A trademark consisting solely of words, letters or numerals. Protects the text element regardless of font or style.

Device Mark

Logo / Device Mark

Protects logos, symbols or pictorial elements. Example: Nike's swoosh, Apple's bitten apple. Filed with a JPEG image.

Composite

Composite Mark

A combination of words and a logo/device together. Provides broader protection covering both textual and graphic elements.

Product Mark

Product / Goods Mark

Used on physical goods and products to identify their origin. Covers trademark classes 1–34 under the Nice Classification.

Service Mark

Service Mark

Identifies services rather than physical products. Covers trademark classes 35–45 under the Nice Classification system.

Collective

Collective Mark

Registered in the name of an association for use by its members to indicate membership or shared quality characteristics.

Certification

Certification Mark

Indicates goods or services meet a defined quality standard. Example: ISI Mark, Hallmark, Agmark, Woolmark.

Sound / Shape

Sound, Shape & Color Mark

Protects distinctive sounds, three-dimensional product shapes, or specific color combinations as brand identifiers.

Step by Step

Trademark Registration Process

The registration process follows a structured sequence governed by the Trade Marks Act, 1999 and Trade Mark Rules, 2017.

01

Trademark Search

Conduct a thorough search on the IP India database to check for identical or similar existing trademarks. This critical first step confirms availability, avoids conflicts, and significantly reduces the risk of rejection or opposition at a later stage.

02

Filing Trademark Application (Form TM-A)

Submit Form TM-A online via the IP India portal or offline at the Trade Marks Registry. The application includes applicant details, trademark class, trademark image or wordmark, date of first use, and payment of the prescribed government fee.

03

Application Number Allotment

Upon filing, a unique application number is issued. From this point, you are legally permitted to display the ™ (TM) symbol alongside your brand name or logo while the application is pending.

04

Vienna Codification

For logo or device marks, figurative elements are classified under the Vienna Classification system. This step categorizes the artistic and graphical components of the trademark for systematic management by the Trade Marks Registry.

05

Trademark Examination

A Trademark Examiner reviews the application for compliance with the Act. Objections may be raised if the mark lacks distinctiveness, is deceptively similar to an existing mark, or is prohibited under the Trade Marks Act, 1999.

06

Respond to Trademark Objection (if any)

If an examination report raises objections, you must file a response within 30 days with clarifications, supporting arguments, or evidence. Failure to respond leads to abandonment of the trademark application.

07

Publication in Trademark Journal

Once cleared by the Examiner, the trademark is published in the official Trademark Journal. This opens a 90-day window during which any third party may file a Notice of Opposition to challenge the registration.

08

Opposition Period & Hearing (if applicable)

If a third party files opposition within the 90-day period, both parties present evidence and arguments. The Registrar of Trade Marks conducts a hearing and makes a final decision based on the submissions.

09

Trademark Registration Certificate

If no opposition is raised — or opposition is overruled — a Registration Certificate bearing the seal of the Trade Marks Office is issued. You are now entitled to use the ® symbol and enjoy full legal protections under the Trade Marks Act, 1999.

Cost Structure

Government Fees for Trademark Registration

Fees are determined by applicant type and mode of filing. Startups and small enterprises enjoy a 50% concession on government fees. All fees are non-refundable.

Applicant TypeE-Filing (per class)Physical Filing (per class)
Individual / Sole Proprietor₹4,500₹5,000
Startup (DPIIT Recognized)₹4,500₹5,000
MSME / Udyam Registered Entity₹4,500₹5,000
Company / LLP / Partnership Firm₹9,000₹10,000
Trademark Renewal (all entities)₹9,000 – ₹10,000Per class, every 10 years
Notice of Opposition (per class)₹2,700

* Government fees only under the Trade Marks Rules, 2017. Professional / attorney fees are separate and not included.

Checklist

Documents Required

For Individuals & Proprietors

  • Logo copy in JPEG/PNG format (optional for wordmarks)
  • Signed Form TM-48 (Power of Attorney on ₹100 stamp paper, notarized)
  • Identity proof — PAN Card, Aadhaar, Voter ID or Passport
  • Address proof of the applicant
  • Affidavit with date of first use in India (if trademark was used before filing)
  • English translation/transliteration (if mark contains non-English/Hindi words)

Additional for Companies / LLPs

  • Certificate of Incorporation / LLP Deed
  • PAN Card of the Company / LLP
  • Registered office address proof
  • Authorization Letter appointing a representative
  • Board Resolution authorizing the signatory
  • Udyam / MSME Certificate or DPIIT Certificate (for fee concession)
  • GST Registration Certificate (if claiming reduced fee)

For Partnership Firms

  • Names of all partners included in the application (max 10)
  • Partnership Deed copy
  • PAN Card of the Firm
  • Address proof of principal place of business
  • Signed Form TM-48 authorized by all partners

Additional Documents (if applicable)

  • Proof of Use — invoices, labels, or packaging showing trademark in use
  • Priority Document — if claiming convention priority from a foreign application
  • Trust Deed / Society Registration Certificate — for trusts or societies
  • NOC from original creator if mark includes another person's name or likeness
  • Search Certificate (Form TM-60) from Trademark Office if mark is used on goods
Classification

Trademark Classes

Under the Nice Classification (NCL) system, all goods and services are divided into 45 trademark classes — Classes 1–34 cover goods and products, while Classes 35–45 cover services. A separate application and fee is required for each class. Applying in multiple classes provides broader brand protection.

Classes 1–34 — Goods & Products

1Chemicals
2Paints
3Cosmetics
4Lubricants
5Pharma
6Metals
7Machinery
8Tools
9Electronics
10Medical
11Appliances
12Vehicles
13Firearms
14Jewellery
15Instruments
16Paper/Print
17Rubber
18Leather
19Building
20Furniture
21Utensils
22Ropes
23Yarns
24Fabrics
25Clothing
26Lace
27Carpets
28Toys
29Meat/Food
30Staple Food
31Agriculture
32Beverages
33Alcohol
34Tobacco

Classes 35–45 — Services

35Advertising
36Finance
37Construction
38Telecom
39Transport
40Treatment
41Education
42Tech/IT
43Food Services
44Medical Svcs
45Legal Svcs
FAQ

Frequently Asked Questions

How long is a registered trademark valid in India?

A registered trademark in India is valid for 10 years from the date of filing. It can be renewed indefinitely for further periods of 10 years, providing perpetual protection as long as it is renewed on time and continues to be used in commerce.

What is the difference between ™ and ® symbols?

The ™ symbol can be used as soon as your trademark application is filed and an acknowledgment number received. It indicates a claim to trademark rights, not actual registration. The ® symbol can only be used after the trademark is fully registered by the Trade Marks Registry. Using ® before registration is a legal offence under Indian law.

How long does the trademark registration process take?

The complete process typically takes 18 to 24 months, depending on whether objections or oppositions are raised. Your acknowledgment number — permitting use of ™ — is typically received within 1–2 business days of e-filing.

Can a trademark be registered without a logo?

Yes. A trademark application can be filed as a wordmark — protecting only the brand name in plain text — without any logo. If you also have a specific logo, filing a device/logo mark separately provides comprehensive protection.

What happens if someone opposes my trademark?

After publication in the Trademark Journal, any third party has 90 days to file a Notice of Opposition. If filed, both parties submit evidence and attend a hearing before the Registrar. The Registrar makes a final decision. If the opposition fails or no opposition is filed, the trademark proceeds to registration.

Is trademark registration valid worldwide?

No. An Indian trademark is valid only within India. For international protection, you can file under the Madrid Protocol — a single application covering 122+ member countries. Your Indian registration or pending application serves as the basis for international filing.

What are common reasons for trademark rejection?

Common grounds include: being identical or deceptively similar to an existing registered trademark; being merely descriptive or generic; containing offensive or misleading content; consisting solely of geographic names or common trade terms; or being a well-known third-party mark. A thorough trademark search before filing significantly reduces rejection risk.

Ready to Protect
Your Brand?

Take the first step towards securing your trademark. Our experienced legal team will guide you through every stage of the process — from search to registration certificate.