Patents Act, 1970 · InPASS · WIPO · Google Patents

Indian Patent Search
Free & Expert-Assisted

Search 50+ lakh patents across Indian and international databases. Determine novelty, check freedom to operate, analyse prior art — and get a comprehensive search report delivered within 72 hours by our patent experts.

20 Yrs Patent protection
72 Hrs Search report delivery
50L+ Patents searchable
100+ Patent offices covered
Patents Act, 1970 — Overview

What is a Patent & Why Does Search Matter?

A patent is a government-granted exclusive right allowing an inventor to control the manufacture, use, and sale of their invention in India for 20 years from the filing date. In exchange, the inventor discloses the technical details publicly — advancing the state of technology.

A patent search is the mandatory first step before any filing. It determines whether your invention is genuinely novel, avoids conflicts with existing patents, and strengthens your application. Filing without a search wastes time and money — rejected applications are common when prior art is missed.

Novel Inventive Step Industrial Application Not Obvious Disclosed in Specification

Confirms Novelty

Verifies your invention has never been disclosed, published, or patented anywhere in the world before your filing date.

Prevents Infringement

Freedom to Operate search ensures your product launch doesn't infringe any active, in-force patent claims.

Competitive Intelligence

Patent landscape analysis reveals competitor innovations, technology trends, and white-space opportunities in your field.

Saves Time & Money

Identifying blocking patents early avoids costly R&D dead-ends and application rejections later in the process.

Patent Types — Patents Act, 1970

4 Types of Patents in India

The Indian Patents Act recognises different categories of inventions, each with specific eligibility criteria and protection duration.

01

Utility Patent

The most common patent — protects new and useful inventions or improvements to existing products or processes. Covers machines, devices, compositions, and manufacturing methods.

20 years from filing date
02

Provisional Patent

Secures an early filing date while the invention is still being developed. Grants "Patent Pending" status for 12 months, during which a complete application must be filed.

12 months — then complete application required
03

Design Patent

Protects the unique visual appearance of a product — its shape, configuration, pattern, or ornamentation — rather than its function. Common for consumer electronics, furniture, and packaging.

15 years from grant date
04

Plant Patent

Granted for new, distinct plant varieties reproduced asexually — by budding, grafting, or cutting. The inventor receives exclusive rights to prevent others from producing or selling the plant.

20 years from filing date
Search Methodology

5 Types of Patent Search in India

Different business needs call for different types of patent searches. Each serves a specific purpose in your innovation and IP strategy.

01

Patentability Search (Novelty Search)

The most fundamental search — determines whether your invention is novel compared to all prior art (everything publicly known before your filing date). Examines Indian and international patent databases, scientific publications, and public disclosures. Essential before drafting and filing any patent application.

Pre-filing Prior Art Novelty Check InPASS + Google Patents + WIPO
02

Freedom to Operate (FTO) Search

Determines whether your product or process can be commercially manufactured and sold without infringing any existing, in-force patent claims. Critical before product launch or market entry. Examines the claims of active patents — not just published applications — in all target markets.

Product Launch Infringement Risk Active Claims Only Market Entry
03

Validity / Invalidity Search

An in-depth search for prior art that may be used to challenge the validity of an existing granted patent — either as a defence against an infringement claim or to proactively invalidate a competitor's patent. Seeks prior art that predates the patent's priority date and may have been missed during original examination.

Litigation Defence Challenge Competitor Patents Pre-priority Date Art
04

Patent Landscape Search

A comprehensive analysis of all patents in a specific technology area, industry, or geography. Identifies major players, technology trends, filing patterns, white-space opportunities, and areas of high competition. Used by businesses and R&D teams for strategic planning and investment decisions.

R&D Strategy Competitor Analysis Technology Trends White Space Mapping
05

Prior Art Search

A targeted search to locate all publicly available information — patents, publications, websites, conference papers — that may constitute prior art against a specific invention. Used both pre-filing to strengthen an application and during examination to respond to office actions from the Patent Office.

Office Action Response Application Strengthening All Public Disclosures
Patent Databases

Key Patent Databases We Search

A comprehensive patent search draws from multiple databases. Relying on a single source misses relevant prior art. Our experts search across all major repositories.

International

WIPO PatentScope

World Intellectual Property Organization

Global database covering 60+ national and regional patent collections. Essential for PCT international applications and tracking patents across multiple countries. Free access to over 100 million patent documents.

patentscope.wipo.int ↗
Global

Google Patents

Alphabet Inc.

The most comprehensive publicly available patent search tool — 100+ patent offices and over 120 million patent documents. Excellent for full-text search, prior art analysis, and cross-referencing. Includes machine translation for non-English patents.

patents.google.com ↗
USA

USPTO

US Patent & Trademark Office

Complete database of US patents and patent applications from 1790 to present. Essential for FTO searches targeting the US market and for accessing the world's largest single-country patent database.

patents.uspto.gov ↗
Europe

Espacenet

European Patent Office

EPO's free patent search tool covering 100+ countries. Particularly strong for European patents and international patent families — tracking the same invention across multiple jurisdictions.

worldwide.espacenet.com ↗
Non-Patent Literature

Scientific Databases

Academic Publications & Journals

Prior art includes non-patent literature — IEEE, PubMed, arXiv, ScienceDirect, and other academic sources. Our search covers publications, theses, conference papers, and technical standards alongside patent databases.

Multiple sources searched ↗
Legislative History

History of the Indian Patent System

1856
Act VI of 1856 — first patent law in India, modelled on British Patent Law. Granted exclusive privileges for 14 years.
1911
Indian Patents & Designs Act — established a comprehensive, structured patent system replacing earlier fragmented legislation.
1970
Patents Act 1970 — landmark legislation. Modernised the regime, allowed process patents, expanded patentable subject matter. Still the governing law today.
2005
TRIPS Amendment — product patents extended to all fields including pharmaceuticals, food, and chemicals. India aligned with WTO obligations.
2015
InPASS launched — replaced the older IPAIRS system with a modern, web-based search platform. Opened Indian patent data to public and international access.
Today
India is a top-10 global patent filer. The patent system actively adapts to emerging tech — AI, biotech, clean energy — while balancing public interest considerations.
Search Methodology

How to Conduct an Effective Patent Search

A patent search is only as good as the methodology behind it. Follow these steps for a thorough and defensible search result.

01

Select the Right Search Type

Identify your goal — are you checking if your invention is patentable? Ensuring a product launch doesn't infringe? Challenging a competitor's patent? Each goal requires a different search type with a different scope.

02

Define Keywords & IPC Codes

Identify technical keywords describing your invention's function, structure, and application. Map these to International Patent Classification (IPC) codes. Use Boolean operators — AND, OR, NOT — to refine results. Start broad, then narrow.

03

Search Multiple Databases

Search InPASS for Indian patents, Google Patents for global coverage, WIPO for PCT applications, and USPTO for US patents. No single database is complete — a comprehensive search requires all major sources plus non-patent literature.

04

Analyse Claims & Legal Status

Read the claims section — not just the abstract — to understand the exact scope of protection. Check legal status: granted, pending, or expired. Expired patents are free to use; pending patents may be granted with broader claims.

05

Review Patent Families

Track the same invention across multiple jurisdictions using Espacenet's patent family feature. A patent expired in India may still be active in the US or Europe — relevant for international product launches.

06

Compile Search Report

Document all search queries, databases used, results reviewed, and conclusions. A well-documented search report strengthens your patent application, supports FTO opinions, and serves as evidence in litigation.

Best Practices
Boolean Operators

Use AND, OR, NOT to combine or exclude terms. Example: "solar AND panel NOT silicon" narrows results to relevant inventions.

IPC Classification

International Patent Classification codes (e.g., H01L for semiconductors) are the most reliable way to find patents in a specific technical field.

Check Applicant Names

Search competitor company names in the applicant field to discover their complete patent portfolio — reveals R&D strategy and technology focus areas.

Read Full Claims

The abstract gives a summary; the claims define legal protection. An invention not covered by a patent's claims doesn't infringe — regardless of similarity.

Our Patent Search Service

What You Get With Our Expert Search

Step 01

Describe Your Invention

Share the technical details of your invention — drawings, description, and the problem it solves. Our patent experts analyse the disclosure and identify the right search strategy.

Step 02

Expert Search Conducted

Our patent professionals search InPASS, Google Patents, WIPO, USPTO, and scientific databases using optimised keywords and IPC codes. Search completed within 72 hours.

Step 03

Detailed Search Report

Receive a comprehensive report: relevant prior art identified, novelty assessment, patentability opinion, and recommended next steps — provisional filing, design-around, or FTO clearance.

Your Search Report Includes:

Global search across Indian & international databases
In-depth analysis of each relevant patent found
Novelty and patentability assessment
Freedom to Operate opinion (if requested)
Recommended filing strategy and next steps
Expert consultation to discuss findings
After Your Search

Filing a Patent After a Successful Search

A clear search result opens the path to patent registration. Here's what comes next.

Provisional Application

If your invention is still in development, file a provisional application to secure your filing date immediately. Gives you 12 months to complete development and file the complete specification. Fee: ₹1,600 (individual) / ₹4,000 (small entity) / ₹8,000 (company).

Provisional Patent Application →

Complete Patent Registration

File a complete patent application with full specification, claims, drawings, and abstract. The Indian Patent Office examines for novelty, inventive step, and industrial application. Average timeline: 3–5 years from filing to grant.

Patent Registration →

International Patent (PCT)

File a single PCT (Patent Cooperation Treaty) application through WIPO to simultaneously seek patent protection in 150+ countries. Must be filed within 12 months of the Indian priority date. Useful for inventions with global commercial potential.

International Filing →
Frequently Asked Questions

Patent Search FAQs

How long does a patent search take?
A professional patent search typically takes 5–14 business days depending on the complexity of the technology and the type of search required. Our expert-assisted search delivers a comprehensive report within 72 hours for standard patentability searches. Complex landscape or FTO searches may take longer.
How much does a patent search cost in India?
A professional patent search in India typically costs between ₹10,000 to ₹20,000 for a standard patentability search. FTO searches and patent landscape studies may cost more depending on scope. You can conduct a free preliminary search yourself using InPASS or Google Patents — but professional analysis of the results is strongly recommended before making filing decisions.
Can I conduct a patent search myself?
Yes — InPASS and Google Patents are publicly accessible and free to use. A self-conducted search is a good starting point to get a general sense of the prior art landscape. However, a professional search conducted by a patent expert using structured methodology, multiple databases, and proper IPC classification is significantly more comprehensive and reliable for making patent filing decisions.
What is the difference between a patent search and patent registration?
A patent search is a pre-filing research activity — it determines whether your invention is novel and eligible for a patent. Patent registration is the formal application process filed with the Indian Patent Office to actually obtain patent rights. A search is strongly recommended (and essential for a good application) before registration, but they are separate steps.
What if my invention is similar to an existing patent?
This depends on the degree of similarity and the scope of the existing patent's claims. Your invention may still be patentable if it has novel features not covered by the existing patent's claims. A patent attorney can analyse the claims and advise whether a design-around is possible, whether to proceed with a narrower application, or whether an FTO opinion is needed before commercialisation.
Does a patent search guarantee my patent will be approved?
No — a patent search does not guarantee approval. It significantly improves your chances by identifying prior art before filing, allowing you to draft stronger claims and avoid grounds for rejection. The Indian Patent Office conducts its own examination independently. However, inventors who conduct thorough pre-filing searches consistently have higher approval rates and fewer office action responses to deal with.
What inventions cannot be patented in India?
Section 3 of the Patents Act, 1970 lists non-patentable subject matter: abstract theories or scientific principles, mathematical methods, mental acts or business methods (on their own), computer programs per se, literary/artistic works (covered by copyright), methods of treatment/surgery, inventions contrary to public order or morality, plants and animals (other than micro-organisms), and traditional knowledge. Section 4 excludes atomic energy inventions.
How long is an Indian patent valid?
A standard utility patent in India is valid for 20 years from the date of filing the complete specification (not the provisional application). Design patents are protected for 10 years (extendable by 5 more years). To keep the patent in force, annual renewal fees must be paid from the 3rd year onwards. Failure to pay renewal fees results in the patent lapsing.

Start Your Patent Search
Today — Free & Confidential

Our patent experts have searched and analysed thousands of patents across technology domains. Get a comprehensive search report within 72 hours and know exactly where your invention stands.